Introduction
This paper argues that the central
government should terminate the separatism problem in Papua. Papua is Indonesian island that should be kept
away from foreign incitement who wants to separate Papua from NKRI. Nowadays, Papuan
provoke to against Indonesian government and request independence of Papua. Some
of the country support Papua to get their independence because just has other
interest over the existing condition. So, separate from Indonesia is not final
destination of Papua because uncertainly they can live better.
Actually, Papua does not need
independence but peaceful life. It has been stated by Lukas Enembe, a Governor
of Papua. In front of thousands people,
he shouted “Papua do not need an independence, just want peaceful”. Like all
the other regions, Papua was included in Indonesian territory because it had
become part of the Netherlands Indies. Moreover, Papua occupy a special
position for Indonesian, not only because the provinces have rich natural
resources but also because of the nationalist slogan "From Sabang (a city
in Aceh) to Merauke (a city in Papua)," symbolic markers of Indonesian
territory.
Content
In the preamble of the 1945 constitution
writes "Seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia". It means that all of
Indonesian people, no exception territorial of Indonesia from Sabang to
Merauke.
Historical relation
Dr.
George Junus Aditjondro (2000:3) said "History of a community is self
identity and future imagination from that community”. As Papuan decision in
pepera into
the territory of the Republic of Indonesia is correct so it does not need to be
questioned again. Indonesia’s sovereignty over Papua has been contested for
much of the period since Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945. The independence
throughout the territory of the former Dutch East Indies became the State of
Indonesia, from Sabang to Merauke.
Papuan history cannot be separated from
the Indonesian in the past. In the era
of Sriwijaya empire had ever been sent birds which can call by janggi to the
Chinese empire. The name of Papua in past is ‘samudranta’ which showed that Papua
had known by Sanskrit people who lived in Indonesia archipelago. Ramandey
writes that in the first century of masehi, hindu and india influences was
spread in the whole of nusantara, not only in Jawa and Sumatra but it has been
spread until Papua.
In terms of history, that the Round
Table Conference is being done to regulate the transfer of sovereignty
Indonesia by Dutch who want to continue to maintain the West Irian ( New Guinea
) on their side. The RTC decided the settlement of the West Irian will be
determined within one year after the transfer of sovereignty through
negotiations between the RIS with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
On October 1, 1962 the Dutch handed over
the territory of West New Guinea to the United Nations (UN) through the United
Nations Temporary Executive Authority ( UNTEA ) until May 1, 1963. After that,
the Dutch flag was replaced by Indonesia. Furthermore, the UN designing an
agreement known as the "New York Agreement" to provide an opportunity
to the people of West Irian by pepera ( Penentuan pendapat rakyat ) in 1969,
the result represented 175 people of West Irian as a messenger of the eight
districts, agreed to unite with the Indonesian government. Here are some facts
that Papua was included in the territory of Indonesia :
a. International
Legally, Uti Possedetis Juris stating that the territory of the former colonies
is then free to follow the country's before independence it’s Indonesia.
b. The
result of pepera in 1969 which states that the Papuan people choose to join
with Indonesia.
c. Exit
of resolution No. 2504 on November 19, 1969 of the UN General Assembly ratified
the results automatically Papera and effective administration of Papua has been
left entirely to the Government of Indonesia, it is also characterized by
lowered flags previously UNTEA Indonesian flag should coincide with UNTEA flag.
Besides, some of the Papuan provoke to
against Indonesian government and request independence of Papua. One of them is
OPM, they feel that they do not have historical links with parts of Indonesia
and other Asian countries.
Meanwhile, the lecturer of the
University of Papua, DR. Bernarda Meteray in the discussion "Membangun papua
dengan karakter pancasila" at the University of Pancasila, Jakarta. He said that Papua is part of Indonesia and
it officially happened only in 1962 after Indonesia's independence struggle in
1945. Statement Bernarda refers to the results of the New Guinea Council
meeting on October 30, 1961 which discussed the political manifesto.
Thus, flying of flag, announcing the
song and the name of the nation of Papua is not a guarantee for immediate
independence, but just an effort to show the world that the Papuans have the
right to self determination. It has been carried out on pepera under the
supervision of the United Nations in 1969.
Conspiracy of politic
Issue the independence of Papua being
increase by a group of Papuan separatists. The issue demands Papua to separate
from Indonesia not free from interference and foreign interests, who want to
intentionally destroy Indonesian integrity. One of the conflict increases
because of Freeport.
In August, 1959, Freeport Director and
top engineer Forbes Wilson met with Jan van Gruisen, managing director of the
East Borneo Company, a mining concern. Gruisen had just stumbled upon a dusty
report first made in 1936 regarding a mountain called the "Ertsberg"
( Copper Mountain ) in Dutch New Guinea, by Jean Jacques Dozy. Hidden away for
years in a Netherlands library during Nazi attacks, the report had only
recently resurfaced. Dozy reported a mountain heavy with copper ore. For that
reason they take big effort to explore mining in Papua but they effort always
rejected by Soekarno.
In 1965, Bung Karno successfully
removed. After that, Multinational Corporation entered Papua and brings bad
effect to Papuan. An executive Freeport-McMoran George A. Maley, wrote a book
called "Grasberg" in 384 pages and describes that gold mine in West Papua
it has the largest deposits in the world, while for copper ranks on third
largest in the world. That’s the reason why Multinational Corporation wants to
explore Papua.
In the era of Soeharto, Freeport was
entered to Papua easily. Lisa Pease founded an answer that Freeport has contact
before with government official in Indonesia. Some of the government official
is Ibnu Soetowo as Minister of Mines and Petroleum at that time. Besides, there is Julius Tahija as a businessman who
connected Ibnu Soetowo with Freeport. At
least, Freeport legalizes the contract mining of Papua with the government of
Indonesia in April 7, 1967. Freeport became the first foreign company whose
contract signed Suharto.
In the era of Soekarno, contract with
other corporation always give beneficial. On contrary, the policies of Soeharto
just like give damage to Indonesia. Every people can imagine, Freeport royalty
for Indonesia just 1 % and the amount leftover for Freeport itself. Is it fair
enough ? Actually, the policy should to consider as the authority of land to
get more for prosperous life. Freeport's Grasberg mine in Indonesia is one of
the largest copper and gold reserves in the world. But the American based
company owns 82% of the venture, while the Indonesian government and a
privately held concern in Indonesia split the remaining percent.
The notions that the independence
movement received support from foreign people are not excessive. Papua is
designed by a foreign people to be released from Indonesia for various reasons.
Such as : the most eastern location, claims about racial differences, and still
disputed community integration of Papua into the Indonesian society. The
assumption of foreign people that necessary supports the independence because
they could have entered with a specific purpose and Papua should be careful in
that foreign intervention.
Conclusion
Papua should be keep in unity of
Indonesia because Papuan independence will not guarantee that Papua will
develop better than now. Many people supporting Papua to get their
independences because they just have another interests over the existing
condition. The intervention can entered by other way such as : to conduct
activities under the guise of journalism , research , medical , religious , or
other human activities. Many other countries like America and Australia just
want to take the advantages from Papua Island. So, Papua does not need to separate
from Indonesia but Papua with the government of Indonesia must create well
collaboration to keep the unity of Indonesia and solve all problems in Papua
together.
References
_Pease, Lisa,
JFK, Indonesia, CIA & Freeport Sulphur. http://www.realhistoryarchives.com/collections/hidden/freeport-indonesia.htm
download on may, 25th 2014 at 4 pm.
_Hafidz, Abdul,
Konspirasi Amerika di Papua. iniitunyaharis.blogspot.com/2012/07/ setelah-libya-target-as-selanjutnya.html
download on may, 25th 2014 at 3 pm.
_Ervianto,
Toni, Kepentingan Asing di Balik Freedom Flotilla
West Papua. http://news.detik.com/read/2013/08/31/175501/2346026/103/2/kepentingan-asing-di-balik-freedom-flotilla-west-papua
download on may, 26th 2014 at 2 pm.
Penutupnya keren :
ReplyDeletePapua does not need to separate from Indonesia but Papua with the government of Indonesia must create well collaboration to keep the unity of Indonesia and solve all problems in Papua together
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