Name : Muhammad Shomdani Nim : 14121310324
Class/Semester : PBI-b/4 Lecture : Writing Academic 4
Should West Papua Separate from Indonesia?
1.
Introduction
Through this argumentative essay, I argue that West Papua should be defended in the integration with Indonesia, even though they
have a several differences each other such as in political, anthropology, and
history, but Indonesia had struggled West Papua from the Netherland. It is real
that West Papua is included in Indonesia because of three terms, the first is
if the terms of the political, that is based on an international agreement in
1896 that championed by Prof. Van Vollen Houven (Indonesian customary law
experts) agreed that "Indonesia" is the former Dutch East Indies.
While the West Papua though said by the Dutch in contrast to the tribal people
of Indonesia, but it is legally a Dutch East Indies. The second is if the terms
of anthropology, that Indonesia is the original Homo sapiens Soloensis
Wajakensis and having the characteristics: black, curly hair (austromelanesoid
race) which is a characteristic feature of the Aboriginal tribes (Australia)
and the negro race (Papua). And the third is when viewed in terms of history
that the Round Table Conference is being done to regulate the transfer of
sovereignty Indonesia tinged with sly Dutch businesses who want to continue to
maintain the West Papua on the grounds of ethnicity. Finally, the RTC decided
the settlement of the West Papua will be determined within one year after the
transfer of sovereignty through negotiations between the RIS with the Kingdom
of the Netherlands.[1]
2.
Body Paragraph
There are four major things that West Papua want to be independent,
those are:
First, Problems of
Papua within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Republic of
Indonesia) have occurred since the beginning of the integration of Papua into
the Republic of Indonesia. Forced integration process through referendum
(PEPERA) in 1969 is not really fair because it involves only 1,045
people. So, referendum is not included by all Papuans. In fact the
irony, almost all participants PEPERA are conditioned to choose to join the
Homeland.[2]
Second, after the
problem of integration, the next phase is military and intelligence operations
to destroy the Papuans who has another ideology. Community groups are
trying to voice for justice in the land of Papua systematically
destroyed. On behalf of the integrity of the Republic, murder,
disappearances and rape against the people of Papua are legalized.[3]
Third, the next
phase is the exploitation of natural resources and transmigration. Natural
resources, especially forest products, marine products, mining and petroleum
are dredged. At the same time, for reasons of equity residents, thousands
of people were brought to Papua through transmigration. Exploitation of
natural resources in Papua continues, while humans Papua neglected even
forgotten. As a result, after 43 years (1969-2012) of Papua human remains
underdeveloped. Even the residents and those who dwell in the land of Papua are
listed as the poorest man in Indonesia. The irony is not acceptable to
common sense, because Papua is famous as the richest islands in Indonesia, even
in the entire universe, but the populations live in poverty. [4]
Fourth, the next
phase is the failure of special autonomy, especially in the field of
development of economic welfare, health and education. This has been said by
Vice Chairman of Commission I, Tubagus Hasanuddin. [5]
The Motive of Soekarno and Soeharto
Sukarno
motive maintain nationalist political Irian Jaya, rid the west of the territory
of Indonesia, making friends with the Soviet and Chinese communists. What is
the difference between the positions of Indonesia during the old order (in the
1960s) with the position of Iran after the 1979 revolution? Not much different.
Iranian society is very anti-western United States in particular. On the other
hand, Iran also does the same with Indonesia, friends with communist Russia and
China. Suharto motive struggle Irian Jaya from the Dutch is
materialistic, for instance after a political deal with Freeport, CIA, the U.S.
government, G30S/PKI design, and Supersemar.[6]
The Real History of West Papua
After Indonesian
independence was proclaimed on August 17, 1945 with a "State
Jurisdiction" in which include the former of Dutch royal colony. It is legally
recognized by the outside world and the establishment of the Republic of
Indonesia from Sabang to Merauke. In fact it turns out the history of the
other, because the area of Irian Jaya was still controlled by the Dutch
government, albeit through a few times until the agreement with Conference
Roundtable (RTC) in the Hague 1949di the Netherlands and as a result Indonesia
received while setting the position of West Irian by the Netherlands for a
period of one year. And this provision was not met by the Government, which
Irian Jaya still not returned to the Government of Indonesia.
But the struggle
to restore Irian Jaya between 1950 and 1953 continue to be made, particularly
through bilateral negotiation table within the Indonesian Union ties -
Netherlands. After those efforts proven to bring results, then since 1953 the
West Irian Liberation struggle underway at international forums, particularly
the United Nations and the Asian Solidarity Forum = Africa such as the Asian -
African Conference. Business in the diplomacy did not bring results, so the
government began to take a hard stance against the Netherlands. Cancellation
Indonesian Union - followed by the Dutch in 1954 unilateral cancellation by the
RTC approval Indonesia in 1956.
The struggle to
restore Irian Jaya is now based on the strength of the Indonesian people
themselves. From the results of this struggle also spawned constitution number
15 of 1956, concerning the establishment of West Irian struggle by the Cabinet
Ali Satroamidjojo, Moh.Roem and Idam Chalik. The formation of this struggle
province more emphasis on the basis of the administration, and the support of
the people of Indonesia. To further confirm that West Irian was part of the
Republic of Indonesia, then given the opportunity to people of West Irian to
participate in government. So, in August 1956 the Indonesian government raised
three People House members as representatives of the people of New Guinea; they
are: Silas Papare, Mohamad Padang and AB Karubuy. However, the struggle of West
Irian, although government officials have a Governor, Council of Governments
and other agencies, stayed until the end of his life.
The struggle to
restore West Irian did not bring any results, because the Dutch are strikingly
set up a "Council of Papua" on April 5, 1961, which was followed by
the establishment of "State of Papua" regardless of the Republic of
Indonesia. So the Indonesian government was forced to increase its
confrontation in the military field. This shows the seriousness of the
Indonesian government to liberate West Irian from the Dutch by force of arms.
Right on the date of December 19, 1961 at Jokyakarta President Sukarno as the
Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces issued a Tri- People (TRIKORA). Having
implemented the Act, the Act of Deliberation Council announced that the people
unanimously decided Irian Jaya Irian remain part of the Republic Indonesia.
These results brought Ambassador Ortiz Sanz to be reported in the UN General
Assembly to 24 in November 1969. Since then the de yure Irian Jaya legitimate
belong RI.[7]
Comprehensive Solution and Intervention of America for the Free
Papua Movement
From several
policies that the government of Indonesia gives to the Papuan, they have not
changed them anymore in the development of economic welfare, health, and
education. According to Sinar Harapan there is a proper solution which
capable to reduce the conflict in Papua, that is by comprehensive solution. [8]In
particular, the government should not be afraid involving Papuans who joined
the Free Papua Movement (OPM). Be aware that no matter how good government
policy can not resolve the Papua conflict if not consult with OPM. OPM
consists of three groups, namely first is the Papuans who fight in cities and
villages, second is they are guerrilla in the jungle by the name of West Papua
National Liberation Army (TPN PB), and third is the Papuan people who live
abroad. All three of these groups should be involved in the discussion of
all comprehensive solution.
Government needs
to encourage them to meet, discuss, and formulate collective views of a
comprehensive policy for the resolution of the Papua conflict. Thus, the
comprehensive solution for Papua is searched and determined collectively, and
acceptable to all stakeholders, including the OPM.
In additionally,
the conflicts that are always happened in West Papua actually on the basis of
the intervention of America people. A source in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
reveals the intense efforts of some members of the U.S. Congress from the
Democratic Party to the Free Papua Movement (OPM) to assist the process towards
independence Papua gradually. Truly, Papua is the next target for America to be
vanquished and dominated after Libya and the Middle East. This has been
revealed by military analysts Connie Rahakundini Bakrie that the scenario of
U.S. attacked Libyan and the Middle East has been designed from the
first. Because all of these countries have the large petroleum resources,
even Connie adds that the next U.S. target is Papua! Connie releases the
statement on AFP Saturday 26/3 2011 is not without basis. The news of
Papua became the next target of the U.S. have been circulating in intelligence
circles. [9]
3.
Conclusion
In Conclusion, by
looking at the current state of Papua, Papuan independence will not guarantee
that Papua will develop better than it is now, and there is no guarantee that
leaders will have the vision to power the Papuan people's welfare. The
governments of Indonesia can find the reasons for demanding the independence of
Papua and on the other hand, we also have reasons to keep Papua as part of the
Homeland. Hopefully the readers can weigh themselves on both sides of
this, and judge from the high price of an independence from both of Papua and
Indonesia’s standpoint. But regardless of the valuation readers, it is a
good opinion that the Indonesian government needs to straighten out
irregularities that occurred in the history of the integration of Papua into
the Republic of Indonesia.
References:
http://indocropcircles.wordpress.com/2012/06/11/setelah-libya-target-as-selanjutnya-adalah-papua.htm On May, 09 2014
http://HUBUNGANSEJARAHPERJUAGANINDONESIADANPAPUABARATSANGATBERBEDASuaraDukaDariPapua.htm On May, 08 2014
http://MencariSolusiuntukKonflikPapua.htm On May, 08 2014
http://MengapaOrangPapuaMintaMerdeka.htm On May, 09 2014
http://EmpatHalPenyebabKonflikBerlarutdiPapuaTribunnews.com.htm On May, 08 2014
http://KekalahanBelandamempertahankanIrianJayasebagaiwilayahjajahannyayangsaratdenganemas,minerallain,migas,dankayuMayaChitchattingBlog.htm On May, 13 May 204
[1]http://BLOGSEJARAHPERJUANGANBANGSAINDONESIAMEREBUTIRIANBARATPAPUA.htm
[5]
http://EmpatHalPenyebabKonflikBerlarutdiPapuaTribunnews.com.htm
[6] http://KekalahanBelandamempertahankanIrianJayasebagaiwilayahjajahannyayangsaratdenganemas,minerallain,migas,dankayuMayaChitchattingBlog.htm
[8]
http://MencariSolusiuntukKonflikPapua.htm
[9]
http://indocropcircles.wordpress.com/2012/06/11/setelah-libya-target-as-selanjutnya-adalah-papua.htm
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