Name : Muhammad Shomdani Nim : 14121310324
Class/Semester : PBI-b/4 Lecture : Writing Academic 4
Should West Papua Separate from Indonesia?
1.
Introduction
This Essay argues that West
Papua should be defended in the integration with Indonesia because of two
reasons, those are that the first is based on the historical of integration of
West Papua and the second is based on ideology that Papuan have no desire to
become separated from Indonesia. The history of the inclusion of West Irian
into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia is correct, so it does not need
to be questioned and tampered with again. This was revealed by People of Papua
fighters, Ramses Ohee in Jayapura on Thursday responded to a number of people
who still question the inclusion of the history of Papua into Indonesia that
has been established through the Act in 1969 ago. Ramses asserted, there are
those who deliberately distort the history of Papua to maintain the conflict in
Papua. "History of the entry of Papua into the Republic of Indonesia is
correct, only a certain number of citizens who deflected most of the younger
generation," he said. Further explained, the facts of history show the
desire of the people of Papua into Indonesia has emerged since the
implementation of the Youth Pledge, October 28, 1928. "Unfortunately,
there are those who think that the youth attended the Youth Pledge not Papua.
This is wrong, because on the contrary, the present and vowed Papuan youth with
youth from other regions. My father, Poreu Ohee Papua is one of the young men
who were present at that time," said Ramses.[1]As
for those who distort history and still deny the reality of integration of
Papua into the Republic of Indonesia, Ramesses not blame them because of the
lack of understanding on the matter. According to him, the thing to realize is
that the existence of the state is a blessing of God Almighty so that should be
grateful to make a positive contribution to development in Papua.[2]
Finally, West Papua is good still in the integration with Indonesia and this is
in contrast with S.Eben Kirksey that he wants Papua to take the
path of independence as like he said in his article that “I began to understand
why many Papuans wanted to take the path of independence, not reform. A systematic campaign of genocide had been
taking place (Brundige et al, 2003).”
2.
Body Paragraph
The Real
History of West Papua
The first
reason is based on the real of history of West Papua which integrated with Indonesia. After Indonesian independence was
proclaimed on August 17, 1945 with a "State Jurisdiction" in which
include the former of Dutch royal colony. It is legally recognized by the
outside world and the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia from Sabang to
Merauke. In fact it turns out the history of the other, because the area of
Irian Jaya was still controlled by the Dutch government, albeit through a few
times until the agreement with Conference Roundtable (RTC) in the Hague 1949di
the Netherlands and as a result Indonesia received while setting the position
of West Irian by the Netherlands for a period of one year. And this provision
was not met by the Government, which Irian Jaya still not returned to the
Government of Indonesia.
But the struggle
to restore Irian Jaya between 1950 and 1953 continue to be made, particularly
through bilateral negotiation table within the Indonesian Union ties -
Netherlands. After those efforts proven to bring results, then since 1953 the
West Irian Liberation struggle underway at international forums, particularly
the United Nations and the Asian Solidarity Forum = Africa such as the Asian -
African Conference. Business in the diplomacy did not bring results, so the
government began to take a hard stance against the Netherlands. Cancellation
Indonesian Union - followed by the Dutch in 1954 unilateral cancellation by the
RTC approval Indonesia in 1956.
The struggle to
restore Irian Jaya is now based on the strength of the Indonesian people
themselves. From the results of this struggle also spawned constitution number
15 of 1956, concerning the establishment of West Irian struggle by the Cabinet
Ali Satroamidjojo, Moh.Roem and Idam Chalik. The formation of this struggle
province more emphasis on the basis of the administration, and the support of
the people of Indonesia. To further confirm that West Irian was part of the
Republic of Indonesia, then given the opportunity to people of West Irian to
participate in government. So, in August 1956 the Indonesian government raised
three People House members as representatives of the people of New Guinea; they
are: Silas Papare, Mohamad Padang and AB Karubuy. However, the struggle of West
Irian, although government officials have a Governor, Council of Governments
and other agencies, stayed until the end of his life.
The struggle to restore West Irian did not bring any results,
because the Dutch are strikingly set up a "Council of Papua" on April
5, 1961, which was followed by the establishment of "State of Papua"
regardless of the Republic of Indonesia. So the Indonesian government was
forced to increase its confrontation in the military field. This shows the
seriousness of the Indonesian government to liberate West Irian from the Dutch
by force of arms. Right on the date of December 19, 1961 at Jokyakarta
President Sukarno as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces issued a Tri-
People (TRIKORA). As a first step TRIKORA implementation is the establishment
of a commando operation, which was named" Mandala Command West Irian
Liberation". As the army's commander is Brigadier General. And then
Soeharto was promoted to Major General.
After infiltration
operations began to surround some important cities in West Irian, realized the
Netherlands and its allies that Indonesia is not messing around to reclaim the
West Irian. At the urging of the United States, the Netherlands is willing to
hand over West Irian to Indonesia with the Convention of New York / New York
Agreement. In accordance with the agreement of New York, on May 1, 1963
handover ceremony took place on the West Irian UNTEA to the government of
Indonesia. The ceremony took place at Hollandia (Jayapura). In the event that
the UN lowered flags and red- white fluttering to mark the launch of West Irian
into the province to 26. Name was changed to West Irian Irian Jaya (now Papua).
As one of the
Indonesian government's obligations under the agreement, is the Indonesian
government should hold a referendum in West Papua by the end of 1969.
Referendum is to determine whether the people of West Irian choose, join or
independent RI alone. People finally referendum held on March 24 to August 4
1969.Mereka given two options, namely: join the RI or independence itself.
Having implemented the Act, the Act of Deliberation Council announced that the
people unanimously decided Irian Jaya Irian remain part of the Republic Indoenesia.
These results brought Ambassador Ortiz Sanz to be reported in the UN General
Assembly to 24 in November 1969. Since then the de yure Irian Jaya legitimate
belong RI.[3]
Freeport
Despite the
dominance of Freeport on a mountain of gold in Papua started since 1967, but
his work in this country has already begun several years earlier. In his
writings, Lisa Pease get the findings if Freeport Sulphur, thus the name of the
company that originally, almost broke into pieces when a change of power in
Cuba in 1959. Amid an environment of uncertainty, in August 1959, Forbes Wilson,
who served as Director of the Freeport Sulphur had a meeting with the managing director
of East Borneo Company, Jan van Gruisen. During the meeting Gruisen tell if he
found a research report on Mount Ersberg in West Irian Jean Jacques Dozy
written in 1936. Wilson also obtained findings that nearly drove him mad.
Because besides filled with copper ore, the mountain was also filled with gold
and silver ore!! According to Wilson, the mountain should be named GOLD
MOUNTAIN, instead of Copper Mountain. As a mining expert, Wilson estimates that
if Freeport would be a big profit within three years is back capital.
Beginning November
1965, one month after the tragedy of the murder of a number of officers Sukarno
loyalists, Forbes Wilson got a call from the Chairman of the Board of Directors
of Freeport, Langbourne Williams, who asked whether Freeport's ready explore
gold in the mountains of West Irian. Wilson clearly shocked. When it is still
valid as president Sukarno of Indonesia and even to 1967, and from which
Williams believes the gold mountain in New Guinea will fall into the hands of
Freeport? If in the Sukarno era contracts with foreign companies are
always in favor of Indonesia, since Suharto came to power, such contracts
actually harmful Indonesia.[4]
Ideology that Papuan Have no Desire to Become Separated from
Indonesia
The second
reason is the ideology of Papuan that they have no desire to become
separated from Indonesia. Papuan community committed to remain with the
Homeland and do not want to separate themselves. It leveled the Governor of
Papua Luke Enembe and West Papua Governor Abraham Octavianus Atururi. "If
there is a desire of West Papua's independence, it does not exist at all.
Independent once and for all, "said West Papua Governor Abraham Octavianus
Atururi at the Presidential Palace in Bogor, West Java, on Tuesday (01/27/2014).
The same place, the governor of Papua, Luke Enembe admitted in the region there
is still a group of armed people who want to mess up security and make the
situation was not conducive.
"Now that
this happened, a group of armed men that I think is actually a criminal. Due to
these groups with various demands of holding a gun, so I considered criminal,
not fighting asking independent. Soon as he did the shooting, he asked the
demands, I assume it's criminal," he explained. He also has coordinated
and asked Papua Police to address a group of armed people." My nine- month
stint as governor of Papua already implemented and will continue to implement
the programs of the central government representative in the area.
Reconciliation I have done a few areas of armed conflict, conflict election, I
have carried out, met with the opposite, I have been down to see," she
said.
Meanwhile,
Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs Djoko Suyanto
said the government insisted that the armed group in Papua to stop the action.
"The command center and the area is urged to stop the violence is still
going on in the community," he said. Djoko called on the armed group to
surrender and back in the community. "Those who take up arms in the
forests to return to us, not only the military and police, but the task of
regional heads to encourage them back into our laps, together and build on the
region," Djoko lid.[5]
3.
Conclusion
In Conclusion, by
looking at the current state of Papua, Papuan independence will not guarantee
that Papua will develop better than it is now, and there is no guarantee that
leaders will have the vision to power the Papuan people's welfare. The
governments of Indonesia can find the reasons for demanding the independence of
Papua and on the other hand, we also have reasons to keep Papua as part of the
Homeland. Hopefully the readers can weigh themselves on both sides of
this, and judge from the high price of an independence from both of Papua and
Indonesia’s standpoint. But regardless of the valuation readers, it is a
good opinion that the Indonesian government needs to straighten out
irregularities that occurred in the history of the integration of Papua into
the Republic of Indonesia.
References:
http://HUBUNGANSEJARAHPERJUAGANINDONESIADANPAPUABARATSANGATBERBEDASuaraDukaDariPapua.htm On May, 08 2014
http://MencariSolusiuntukKonflikPapua.htm On May, 08 2014
http://KekalahanBelandamempertahankanIrianJayasebagaiwilayahjajahannyayangsaratdenganemas,minerallain,migas,dankayuMayaChitchattingBlog.htm On May, 13 2014
http://news.okezone.com/read/2014/01/28/337/932962/rakyat-papua-tidak-ingin-berpisah-dari-nkri On May, 20 2014
http://www.tabloidjubi.com/interviews-a-indepth-stories/13055-benarkah-pt-freeport-hanya-menambang-emas-perak-dan-tembaga On May, 20 2014
[3]http://KekalahanBelandamempertahankanIrianJayasebagaiwilayahjajahannyayangsaratdenganemas,mineral,migas,dankayuMayaChitchattingBlog.htm
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