Tuesday, April 15, 2014

Columbus: Negative side and Positive Side

(Written by: Nofi Maryana PBIB/4)






“All humans come as a package deal.
You can’t have just one aspect of a person and say you don’t want the rest.”


INTRODUCTION

People are born as a coin. They have two different sides--Positive side and negative side. Therefore, it is neutral if there are bad people or good people, but to keep in mind is even the most worst man, there must be the good thing that he ever did. That is Columbus, someone who’s the negative truth of his story revealed by Zinn. In Howard Zinn article Speaking Truth to Power with Book, he reveal the negative side of Columbus that he is a murderer, killer, a torturer, a kidnapper, a mutilator of native people, a hypocrite, a greedy man looking for gold, and mutilate people but as said before, there are just the negative effect of Columbus. Beside his negative effect, Columbus also has many good effects to the world which is not seen by Zinn.


SUMMARY

Speaking Truth to Power with Book article, in outline explaining about how book change people consciousness and the biggest cases is in the truth of Columbus history. There are several point that writer get from Howard Zinn article. First, Zinn’s purpose in made Speaking Truth to Power with Book is just to raise reader consciousness, not to reveal the truth of who discover America is. he didn’t make judgments, he didn’t editorialize. he just say what was happening. Today, we know about what is going on. We know, for example, Columbus is not discovered America. He does not editorialize about it, he just tells who exactly Columbus is, and not to reveal who discover America is. Because he said that sometimes just telling people about something that they do not know about is an important thing to do, because that alone may move them to a greater consciousness and even into action. So, it is not wrong if he does not tell the truth of original discovered of America.
Second, as an anthropologist Zinn see Columbus through the eyes of the people who lost- Zinn the people who were in America when Columbus arrived, the people that Columbus called “Indians” because Columbus thought he was in Asia. Zinn reveal the truth of Columbus history only from his negative effect to Americans people. In the fact there are many positive effects that Columbus did to the world.

CRITIQUE

The first part of the article focuses when Zinn told us the only negative side of columbus, without seeing what has he contributed to the world through landing in America. It is true if the history and writing activity is never neutral (Chaedar Alwasilah : 2012), but at lease Zinn be able to think objectively. Like Eliot Morison, he saw Columbus from the two sides-the winning side and the losing side as well, although it is more glorifying the win, at least Morison already thinking objectively. Like Zinn said that Columbus is a murderer, killer, a torturer, a kidnapper, a mutilator of native people, a hypocrite, a greedy man looking for gold, and mutilate people but he is a hero for his own nation, Europe.
Events that have the most widespread impact in Europe in the 15th century were the fall of Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) to the Islamic Ottoman Empire. Constantinople had been the capital of Orthodox Christian Byzantine Empire for centuries, and is an important center for trade between Europe and Asia. In 1453 the Ottoman Empire closing an important trade route from Europe to the east. European traders can still buy Asian goods from Muslims in places like Alexandria, Egypt. However, missed the European sea route to Asia that would enable them to urge the Muslims and buy Asian products directly.
The first Europeans who began actively looking for cruise lines to Asia were Portugal, but Columbus is who successful find a new route to Asia. If Columbus not went to America at that time, then Europe can falls into chaos because the closure of Constantinople. European people competed to find a new path towards Asia. There are try over Africa, India or Indonesia, but they must be compete with the other countries. Here the recognition of Columbus as a hero because he discovered a new world filled with gold and truly empty-there is any resident yet but still has not been touched by the wide world, it is so lucky.
Second in Zinn article, he did not include a clear reference. He used a lot of experience in writing so it seems subjective and not serious, but my statement was refuted because Zinn’s era is old school era so there is no reference at that time. However, many people are doubt in Zinn's writings because there are not clear references.
Third, as a non-American person I still wonder about “How can an academic attack their own country? What state action against those who attacking his own country like Zinn, whereas in a country, all citizens especially the civil servants must adhere to their leaders. Then how he survived in an environment that in fact did not agree and against his theory? Are the American people does not feel 'hot' to a Howard Zinn? In this cases I thought that America is liberal country, so it is free if he want reveal the truth of Columbus that different with the common story there.


CONCLUSION

So the point in Howard Zinn article Speaking Truth to Power with Book is in see Columbus, Zinn only though the negative side or negative effect from Columbus but actually there are positive effect that contributed by Columbus to the world actually his country. Obviously, the first voyage of Columbus is a revolutionary change in the history of Europe, and even had a greater influence for continental Europe. All school children memorize the year 1492 was an important year. Even so there are many possible objections in order to put the name of Columbus's book list.


REFERENCES

Zinn, Howard. 1999. A People’s History of the United States, 1492-Present.
Speaking Truth to Power with Book article


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