Saturday, April 5, 2014





Introduction
This paper is critical review of the article titled 'speaking truth to power with book' written by Howard Zinn and contained in chapter 2 Anthropology off the Shelf book edited by Alise Waterson and Maria D. Vesperi published by Blackwell Publishing in 2009. Every work of history, according to Howard Zinn, is a political document. Through the article also he tries to enlighten people and until people know his spectacular book “A People’s History of the United States”. Zinn is an author, social activist, American historian, political scientist and also the anti war. In his article, Zinn sees Columbus as the vice versa of people paradigm. Howard Zinn through his article was successful to make people sceptical of Columbus and history about The United States of America.
Summary
There are several prominent things that Zinn wrote on Columbus. First, Zinn saw Columbus in the vice versa of people paradigm, that Columbus is a murderer, a torturer, a kidnapper, a mutilator of native people, a hypocrite, and greedy man. Not hero at all. Even though his writing make people become upset and shock. Zinn also show that he on the loser perspective. Second, what Zinn wrote is about people consciousness toward History of the United States of America especially reveals who is Columbus. Despite the consequences are he gets a lot of protests and perceived that he was a communist by many people. Third, Zinn consider that giving people certain information about one situation may lead them to look for what else has been concealed from them.
Main Body
There is still several things are abstained on Zinn’s article on Columbus. First, Zinn does not provide a clear reference about his writing on Columbus. It is very contradictive when Zinn writes about the truth of Columbus. Too reckless to done by a Howard Zinn to write about who is Christopher Columbus. Ideally he should keep what he had in his country's history because people also do not know what must be trusted. Even when the writing by Zinn about Columbus is wrong or right is not necessarily the truth. It will only make a change in the social and political circumstances. Which is the most negative reactions and ridicule, because the American people already believe that Columbus is a hero, and discover. However, if we look back at the tradition of writing a reference, it is actually a relatively new thing. It happened in a book written about the crusade of Henry Treece, and he also does not use any reference. The book marked the 1960s. Zinn might get into the old school class.
Second, Zinn does not mention who discovered the American continent for the first time and thus making the reader curious. Not like Samuel Elliott that writes about Columbus clearly because Elliot explains more about Columbus’s merits. Something that make wonder is when Zinn as an anti-war instead write to attack his own country with his powerful writing. Zinn seeks to present American history through the eyes of the common people rather than political and economic elites. A People's History has been assigned as reading in many high schools and colleges across the United States. It has also resulted in a change in the focus of historical work, which now includes stories that previously were ignored.  
Third, Zinn abstains in mention merits of Columbus. Appropriately, a historian should look at the details toward something.  It is a very brave decision when Zinn said that Columbus is a crook. It is also an ideology that is always inseparable. Columbus and what is described by Zinn is not comparable to the merits provided by Columbus to the civilization that existed in America particularly. Whereas Columbus at least instrumental in finding Europe with all he had. And therefore also the European nation could use all that is in America. Civilization and science began when Columbus came there. Although in a way that is not good. like most of the invaders were killed natives. Zinn has very noble desires. Moreover he always put a message of peace, and happiness. However, Zinn was not in the line which will deviate what he had to say. Zinn looks very cynical with the history of his own country. For the majority of reviewers on Amazon.com (381, as of February 2004), A People’s History has the force and authority of revelation. “Zinn single-handedly initiated a Copernican revolution in historicism,” writes “eco-william” from Oregon. Others rave about his “compassion and eye for detail” and proclaim the survey “a top contender for greatest book ever written.” Zinn’s admirers have a quick retort to conservatives who claim his work is “biased.” Writes “culov” from Anaheim: “The book is purposely  meant to be biased. It tells the story of American history from the point of view of ‘the losers’ because we all know that the winners write history. If you want something written from George Washington’s point of view, go buy a textbook those are as biased as possible.”
Forth, Indirectly, Zinn attack his own state, in the very distinctive way. Someone literate can change the world of paradigm toward Columbus. What in Howard Zinn’s perspective toward Columbus is not part of Zinn as the anti-war. An anti-war movement (also antiwar) is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts. Many activists distinguish between anti-war movements and peace movements. Anti-war activists work through protest and other grassroots means to attempt to pressure a government (or governments) to put an end to a particular war or conflict.
Conclusions
            Although what Zinn writes is about history, but it including political documents. Zinn’s view about Columbus that can persuade many people to believe with him seems not perfect. He makes the reader become sceptic and suspicious, because he abstain in provide some data and reference. Despite Zinn say himself as an anti-war, but Zinn’s article that say Christopher Columbus as a murderer, mutilator, kidnapper, rapist, can ignite the flames of conflict and war. This should not happen by a Howard Zinn. He was attacking his own club. However, His message has certainly been heard. With his article also we know his book A People’s History of the United State may be the most popular work of history an American leftist has ever written. And know how to make people consciousness with book. A final word, every writer never be neutral, but they can be balanced.
Refference
§  History is a weapon http://www.historyisaweapon.com/zinnapeopleshistory.html taken on March 12th 2014 at 07.00 pm
§  Columbus  http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Zinn/Columbus_PeoplesHx.html taken on March 14th 2014 at 08.00 pm
§  Christoper Columbus http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus diunduh taken on March 14th 2014 at 08.00 pm
§  Howard Zinn dan Sejarah Orang-Orang Kalah

 





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